Frequently Asked Questions

Calorific rays were discovered in 1800 by William Herschel when he used a prism to refract sunlight. Using a thermometer, he noticed an increase in temperature beyond the red segment of the visible spectrum. The wavelength of visible light lies in the range between 0.38 (violet) and 0.78 (red) microns, with infrared being ‘just beyond red’ and found between 0.78 – 1000 microns (μm). Over time, these calorific rays became known as "INFRARED"

In scientific terms, infrared heat is a form, or wave, of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelengths primarily used for the industrial heat process range between 0.78 – 1000 μm. 

An IR heating element, or emitter, is a unit that converts electrical energy into infrared radiation, delivering heat directly to materials rather than warming the surrounding air. Inside each emitter, a coil heats up when powered on, and the surrounding material—whether ceramic or quartz—transfers and radiates that heat outward. 

Infrared radiation is typically divided into three wavelength ranges. The exact boundaries and naming can vary depending on the source, but at Ceramicx the following standard is used:

• Short-wave infrared (SWIR): 0.78–1.40 μm, also known as near infrared (NIR) or IR-A
• Medium-wave infrared (MWIR): 1.4–3.0 μm, also known as mid infrared (MIR) or IR-B
• Long-wave infrared (LWIR): 3–1000 μm, also known as far infrared (FIR) or IR-C

This classification helps distinguish different parts of the infrared spectrum based on wavelength.

All objects – including us – above absolute zero (-273.15 °C) naturally radiate infrared energy, so in general terms, the answer would be ‘no’. While infrared can create enough energy to start molecules moving, unlike higher frequency radiation – such as x-rays – it doesn’t have enough energy to break molecules apart or cause damage. Infrared heat will naturally warm up whatever part of you it touches. But lengthy exposure to a high level of IR could be potentially harmful and result in a burn, in the same way as from any other heat source, such as a fire. 

Infrared is a form of energy best thought of as waves moving through space that has different frequencies. From low frequencies, which make up radio waves, to high frequencies such as gamma or X-rays, with the visible spectrum of light our eyes can detect (from violet through to red), somewhere in the middle. Infrared (Latin for ‘below red’) is a form of radiation found just below visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum. When we absorb infrared, the only effect is that we feel warmer. However, IR can be hazardous with prolonged exposure. 

Quartz heating elements should always be mounted horizontally to ensure structural integrity of the coil and quartz glass. 

Infrared emitters are frequently used under partial vacuum. The direct transfer of radiant energy is generally more efficient due to the absence of water vapour molecules which would normally absorb some of the infrared radiation. 

This varies depending on the application, but we generally recommend 100-200mm for static applications where both heater and target are in a fixed position. Optimum distance depends on element spacing and the desired temperature uniformity across the surface. In general, the greater the distance, the greater the radiant dispersion, which in turn facilitates uniform heating. Shorter distances may lead to increased heat energy concentrated over a smaller area which can create localised high-temperature areas. 

If the absorption characteristics of the target material are known, it may be possible to use peak emission wavelength as a means of choosing the most suitable emitter. If those characteristics aren’t known, small scale testing with 1 or 2 emitters may be enough to provide a better understanding of what works with the material in question. Another key factor is the thermal response time required by the process. Ceramic emitters typically require about 10-12 minutes to reach steady-state temperature. Quartz cassette emitters require about half this time, with tungsten/halogen emitters close to full output within a few seconds. 

Each consists of a high-temperature resistance alloy embedded in a specially formulated ceramic body. 

Our curved, solid trough-style elements produce a concentrated output that disperses over distance, making them better suited to emitters positioned farther from the target. 

Hollow elements are lightweight with a hollow-cast ceramic body – filled with high-density insulating material. This gives a significant reduction in rear heat loss and increased radiant output from the front of the element, which is better suited to emitters positioned closer to the target material.

Ceramic Elements: Average operating life of up to 20,000 hours, depending on operating conditions. Quartz Elements: Average operating life of up to 10,000 hours, depending on operating conditions. 

To monitor or control heat temperature for ceramic or quartz elements and heaters, we recommend using a Type K thermocouple. These can be used with a suitable temperature controller or monitor. 

Again, this varies depending on application and emitter to target distance, but in general, small distances between emitters facilitate improved temperature uniformity. We generally recommend a minimum of 5mm between ceramic emitters when arrayed inside a heater field. We recommend the same with quartz emitters also. 

For optimal stability, use a slot hole size of 42 mm x 15 mm with a reflector thickness between 0.75 mm and 0.9 mm. Increasing the size or thickness beyond these specifications may cause the pillar to weaken or break. 

Weco-IR designs and builds custom infrared ovens and industrial heating solutions tailored to your exact specifications and requirements. Our ovens can integrate seamlessly into existing production systems or function as standalone units. Using shortwave, mediumwave, or longwave infrared heating, we precisely size the power output to match your material and process requirements—ensuring maximum efficiency and performance. 

Yes. When a customer needs an emitter or component custom made for their application, we’re always happy to discuss and develop new ideas. Please contact us with your project details.